INDONESIA CULTURE

The temple is located in the Village Temple Singasari Renggo, Singosari District, Malang district, approximately 9 km from the city of Malang in the direction of Surabaya. This temple is also known by the name of temple or temple tower cupola, a name that indicates that the temple is a temple Singasari the highest of his time, at least compared to other temples around it. However, this time in the region Singasari Singasari only remaining temple, while the other temples have vanished without trace.

When exactly Singasari temple was founded is unknown, but experts estimate the ancient temple was built around the year 1300 AD, as an offering to honor the King of Singasari Kertanegara. There are at least two temples in East Java that was built to honor King Kertanegara, namely Candi Candi Jawi and Singasari. As Candi Jawi, Singasari Temple is also a Shiva temple. This can be seen from the existence of several Shiva statue in the courtyard of the temple.


Singasari Temple is located in the middle of the yard. Body of the temple stood on the shelf foot around 1.5 m tall, without decoration or relief at the foot of the temple. Up stairs into the hall at the foot of the temple was not flanked by a staircase with ornate makara cheeks as found in other temples. Entrance to the room in the middle body of the temple, facing south, located on the front side of the viewer booth (a small booth tucked into the front). This looks simple entrance without a frame decorated with carvings. Above the doorway are carved heads are also very simple Kala pahatannya. There are several sculptures and reliefs is a very simple construction of the temple suggests that Singasari not yet fully resolved.

On the left and right door cubicle door, slightly to the rear, there are niches where the statues. Threshold niche also without frame and Kala headdress. There is also a similar niche in the three other sides of the body temple Singasari. Niche size larger, equipped with the viewer and the chamber above the threshold there is a simple headdress Kala. In the middle of the main room there is a broken yoni top. At the foot of the yoni is also not there any sculptures.


At first glance the building looks as if tiered temple Singasari two, because the bottom of the rectangular temple roof, resembling a small room with niches on each side. Apparently the original niches contain the statues, but today kempatnya empty. On top of each threshold 'door' there are niches with carved headdresses Kala is more complex than the one on the threshold of the entrance and niches in the body of the temple. Meru Peak shaped tiered roof itself, upwards increasingly smaller. Some top of the roof has collapsed look.


Singasari Temple had been restored by the Dutch government in the 1930s, terlihatan of notes at the foot of the temple sculptures. However, it seems that restoration is done the results are not comprehensive, because the temples are still lined up around the yard a pile of stone that has not been restored into place.


On page Singasari temple there are also several statues, mostly in damaged condition or has not been completed, including statues of Shiva in various positions and sizes, Durga, and Ox-Nandini.


Approximately 300 m west from the Temple Singasari, after going through a fairly dense neighborhood, there are two statues Dwarapala, giant gatekeeper, in very large sizes. It is said that the weights of the statue weigh 40 tons, the height reached 3.7 m, while the circumference of the largest bodies reach 3.8 m. Location of the two statues is approximately 20 m apart (now separated by the highway).


By Dwi Cahyono, an archaeologist from the State University of Malang (UM), the two statues were originally Dwarapala facing eastward, ie towards Singasari Temple, but this time the statue on the south side has changed direction slightly to the east overlooking the sea. Shift in direction occurred when the appointment of the soil. Until the late 1980s statue located on the south side is still buried in the soil to the extent of the chest. Behind the statue is situated in the south are the ruins of a stone building which looks like a wall. Presumably this is the second statue guards the entrance to the palace of King Kertanegara (1268-1292) which was situated in the west (dibelakangi) the second statue.

Legends about Dynasty Singasari

Some temples in East Java, especially those located around the city of Malang, has a history of close association with the Kingdom Singasari. Singasari Dynasty is a descendant of Ken Dedes with both her husband, stumps Ametung akuwu (head of district-level administration) Tumapel and Ken Arok, the people most of the killing, took over power, and at once took his wife Ametung stumps.

History of the Kingdom of this Singasari artificial birth legend of dagger Mpu Gandring very popular among the people of East Java. According to legend, Ken Arok was the child of a woman's affair Panawijen Village, named Ken Endog, with Batara Brahma. Shortly after birth, babies Ken Arok abandoned by her mother in a cemetery, were later found and taken home by a thief accomplished. From his adoptive father is Ken Arok learn about all the tricks and tactics of gambling, theft and robbery. As an adult he became known as the most feared outlaws in the region Tumapel. At one point Ken Arok acquainted with a Brahmin named Lohgawe who advised him to leave his world of black. The instigation Lohgawe, Ken Arok, stop being a robber and then devoted himself as a soldier Tumapel.

At that time, which became akuwu in Tumapel, territory of the Kingdom of Kediri, is Ametung stumps. The Akuwu marry Ken Dedes, the daughter who lived in Purwa mpu Panawijen. From that marriage were born a son named Anusapati. One day, Ken Dedes home to Panawijen to see his father. When Ken Dedes down from the royal train, wind revealing tight bottom of the fabric length. At that time, Ken Arok, the duty to escort the train Ken Dedes glimpse Ametung the calf's wife stumps. In the eyes of Ken Arok, calf Ken Dedes emit a blinding light. The scenery will not disappear from the minds of Ken Arok. He then asks the mpu Purwa it. The Mpu explained that the rays are seen Ken Arok Dedes is a sign that Ken was destined to be the woman who would lower the kings of Java.

Ken Arok then ordered a dagger to a mpu mpu named in Tumapel Gandring. To create a reliable kris potency, required a long time for forging, forming and running the necessary rituals. Because the dagger that had been ordered not finished, Ken Arok, became very angry. He captured the unfinished kris ago Eglon to the body manufacturer. Toward the end, mpu Gandring that Ken Arok was condemned to die at the end of the same dagger and dagger that would require victims of seven lives.

Keris Gandring Mpu artificial by Ken Arok was lent to friends who have the character of a showboat, the Kebo Ijo. Kebo Ijo kris exhibiting it to his soldiers and friends say that it is his keris. After a lot of people know it belongs as a property kris Kebo Ijo, Ken Arok, and then steal it and use it to stab Ametung stumps. By itself allegations fell to kebo Ijo, while Ken Arok successfully replace Ametung stumps as akuwu and married Ken Dedes.

Having successfully become akuwu, Ken Arok, and then conquered the kingdom of Kediri, who was then ruled by a king who was then ruled by King Kertajaya (1191-1222), and founded the Kingdom of Singasari. He crowned himself king with the title of the first Singasari Rajasa Bathara The Amurwabhumi. From Ken Dedes, Ken Arok berputra one, named Mahisa Wongateleng, while from Ken Umang he also got a son named Tohjaya. Curse Mpu Gandring into force. Ken Arok killed and replaced by Anusapati position. Anusapati murdered and replaced by Tohjaya position. Tohjaya murdered and replaced by Ranggawuni, Anusapati children. Ranggawuni then crowned as king and rule with a degree Jayawisnuwardhana Singasari beginning in 1227 until 1268. Jayawisnuwardhana succeeded by his son, whose surname is Joko Dolog Kertanegara (1268-1292).

King Singasari Kertanegara is the last. The Government was overthrown by King of Kediri, Jayakatwang. However Jayakatwang Kertanegara defeated by-law named Raden Wijaya. Which is a descendant of Raden Wijaya Mahisa Wongateleng and King Udayana in Bali Majapahit kingdom was then established by the central government in Drag (Trowulan).
from:http://candi.pnri.go.id/jawa_timur/index.htm
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